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Fire-fighting operations by fire brigades in onshore wind turbines are almost impossible because of their height and resulting difficulty of accessing them. For this reason, fire prevention, early detection and early fighting of a fire, and the self-rescue of persons present in the installations during a fire are key considerations

Fire-fighting operations by fire brigades in onshore wind turbines are almost impossible because of their height and resulting difficulty of accessing them. For this reason, fire prevention, early detection and early fighting of a fire, and the self-rescue of persons present in the installations during a fire are key considerations.

The aim of this VGB standard is to provide a consistent procedure for the definition, classification and processing of actions on load-bearing structures for the construc-tion of power plants. It is also intended to cover significant influences of operation-induced fluctuating states like the filling levels of tanks and the frequency and pro-cesses of filling and emptying operations.

The aim of this VGB standard is to provide a consistent procedure for the definition, classification and processing of actions on load-bearing structures for the construc-tion of power plants. It is also intended to cover significant influences of operation-induced fluctuating states like the filling levels of tanks and the frequency and pro-cesses of filling and emptying operations.

Durch das IT-Sicherheitsgesetz in Verbindung mit dem BSI-Gesetz, der KRITIS-Verordnung (Verordnung zur Bestimmung Kritischer Infrastrukturen nach dem BSI-Gesetz (BSI-Kritisverordnung – BSI-KritisV)) und dem IT-Sicherheitskatalog nach § 11 Absatz 1b EnWG (Energiewirtschaftsgesetz) müssen Betreiber Kritischer Infrastrukturen in einem komplexen Verfahren im Rahmen einer knapp bemessenen Zeitspanne nachweisen, dass sie Informationssicherheitsmanagementsysteme nicht nur implementiert sondern auch zertifiziert haben. Hinzu kommt, dass die von unabhängigen Dritten durchgeführten Prüfungen jährlich wiederholt werden.

Diese RDS-PP®-Anwendungsrichtlinie für Power to Gas Anlagen wurde von einer Projektgruppe der VGB-Fachgruppe „Anlagenkennzeichnung und Dokumentation“ in enger Zusammenarbeit mit Herstellern und Betreibern erarbeitet.

This RDS-PP® Application Guideline for Power to Gas plants was prepared by a project group of the VGB Technical Group “Reference Designation and Plant Documentation”, in close cooperation with experts from manufacturers and operators.

Diese RDS-PP®-Anwendungsrichtlinie für Power to Gas Anlagen wurde von einer Projektgruppe der VGB-Fachgruppe „Anlagenkennzeichnung und Dokumentation“ in enger Zusammenarbeit mit Herstellern und Betreibern erarbeitet.

This RDS-PP® Application Guideline for Power to Gas plants was prepared by a project group of the VGB Technical Group “Reference Designation and Plant Documentation”, in close cooperation with experts from manufacturers and operators.

Diese RDS-PP®-Anwendungsrichtlinie für Photovoltaische Kraftwerke wurde von einer Projektgruppe der VGB-Fachgruppe „Anlagenkennzeichnung und Dokumentation“ in enger Zusammenarbeit mit Herstellern und Betreibern erarbeitet.

This RDS-PP® Application Guideline for photovoltaic power plants was prepared by a project group of the VGB Technical Group “Reference Designation and Plant Documentation”, in close cooperation with experts from manufacturers and operators.

Diese RDS-PP®-Anwendungsrichtlinie für Photovoltaische Kraftwerke wurde von einer Projektgruppe der VGB-Fachgruppe „Anlagenkennzeichnung und Dokumentation“ in enger Zusammenarbeit mit Herstellern und Betreibern erarbeitet.

This RDS-PP® Application Guideline for photovoltaic power plants was prepared by a project group of the VGB Technical Group “Reference Designation and Plant Documentation”, in close cooperation with experts from manufacturers and operators.

ABSTRACT

With more stringent emission limits with time, including NOx and N₂O, and due to the high costs of secondary measures for NOx emissions reduction, knowledge of primary NOx and primary N₂O is very important. With this knowledge, primary NOx and primary N₂O can be reduced at low costs and in this way costs for secondary measures are much reduced as well. By applying the knowledge presented, the project costs of a CFBC plant can be lower than those of a PFC plant.

Knowledge regarding primary NOx and primary N₂O, and their models, is useful for operators of PFC and CFBC regarding the influence of (the change of):

• Fuel, with PFC and CFBC
• Lambda, with PFC and CFBC
• Temperature, with CFBC
• Addition of limestone to the bed, with CFBC.

Knowledge regarding primary NOx and primary N₂O, and their models, is useful for suppliers of boilers, burners, etcetera, regarding the influence of (the change of):

• Design, with PFC and CFBC
• Fuels and fuel flexibility, with PFC and CFBC
• Conversion of the boiler for other fuels, with PFC and CFBC
• Developing assisting systems / software, with PFC and CFBC
• Temperature, with CFBC
• Addition of limestone to the bed, with CFBC.

With this thesis, the mathematical models of primary NOx of CFBC, primary NOx of PFC and primary N₂O of CFBC were improved. The models are based on chemical aspects, such as thermodynamics, kinetics and reaction mechanisms.

The aim of the VGB-Standard VGB-S-042-0-2018-01-EN is to specify and explain methods and systems for the chemical treatment of make-up water, boiler feed water, steam and condensate for the operation of water/steam cycles.

The aim of the VGB-Standard VGB-S-042-0-2018-01-EN is to specify and explain methods and systems for the chemical treatment of make-up water, boiler feed water, steam and condensate for the operation of water/steam cycles.

In the construction of new power plants and during the overhaul of process control systems in existing plants, the implementation of special tools for process optimization is increasingly becoming part of the instrumentation and control (I&C) contractor’s  scope of supply. Although these modules have different designations, depending  on the manufacturer or supplier, they often draw upon similar approaches, data models and processing algorithms.

In the construction of new power plants and during the overhaul of process control systems in existing plants, the implementation of special tools for process optimization is increasingly becoming part of the instrumentation and control (I&C) contractor’s  scope of supply. Although these modules have different designations, depending  on the manufacturer or supplier, they often draw upon similar approaches, data models and processing algorithms.

The pre-job briefing and the post-job debriefing are meetings that focus on a specific activity. The pre-job briefing (PJB) is scheduled to take place immediately before the carrying out of complex or non-routine jobs and is intended to ensure that all relevant parties involved possess the information necessary to enable implementing the measure safely, efficiently and without unexpected incidents.

The pre-job briefing and the post-job debriefing are meetings that focus on a specific activity. The pre-job briefing (PJB) is scheduled to take place immediately before the carrying out of complex or non-routine jobs and is intended to ensure that all relevant parties involved possess the information necessary to enable implementing the measure safely, efficiently and without unexpected incidents.

Owing to the national and international standardization process, the KKS Identification System for Power Stations (hereinafter referred to as “KKS”) is being replaced by the RDS-PP® Reference Designation System for Power Plants based on DIN ISO 81346-10. Thus, RDS-PP® is thus considered to be a generally accepted good engineering practice and can be applied in planning, construction, operation and dismantling of energy supply plants and equipment as a an unambiguous identification system.

Existing power plants with identification coding to KKS will not be re-coded to RDS-PP®. Consequently, it will be necessary to continue to apply the KKS system in the event of additions to existing plants and conversion measures, I&C retrofits etc.

Owing to the national and international standardization process, the KKS Identification System for Power Stations (hereinafter referred to as “KKS”) is being replaced by the RDS-PP® Reference Designation System for Power Plants based on DIN ISO 81346-10. Thus, RDS-PP® is thus considered to be a generally accepted good engineering practice and can be applied in planning, construction, operation and dismantling of energy supply plants and equipment as a an unambiguous identification system.

Existing power plants with identification coding to KKS will not be re-coded to RDS-PP®. Consequently, it will be necessary to continue to apply the KKS system in the event of additions to existing plants and conversion measures, I&C retrofits etc.

Durch den nationalen und internationalen Normungsprozess wird das Kraftwerk-Kennzeichen-System (nachfolgend KKS) durch das, auf DIN ISO 81346-10 basierende RDS-PP®, abgelöst. RDS-PP® gilt damit „als anerkannte Regel der Technik“ und kann bei der Planung, Errichtung, dem Betrieb und dem Rückbau von Anlagen der Energieversorgung ls eindeutiges Kennzeichnungssystem angewandt werden.

Bestehende Kraftwerksanlagen, die mit KKS gekennzeichnet sind, werden nicht neu gekennzeichnet. Daraus entsteht die Notwendigkeit, bei Erweiterungen, Umbaumaßnahmen, leittechnischen Ertüchtigungen usw. weiterhin das KKS zu verwenden.