Abstracts - VGB PowerTech Journal 8/2018
Welcoming address to the VGB Congress and IERE Workshop Power Generation in Transition 2018
Dr Hans Bünting and Dr Oliver Then
“The weekly change in the canteen’s menu is the biggest change we’re facing.” This or something similar was the public perception of the challenges of an energy supplier in the 1990s. What annoyed us a little back then makes us smile from today’s point of view and at least gives us a glimpse of the truth.[more...]
HL-class gas turbines – The next level for efficiency and flexibility
Kolja Schwarz
The global trends population growth, urbanization, decarbonization and renewable energy production have caused dramatic changes in the energy markets. In view of this dramatic transformation, Siemens has launched the next generation of large gas turbines. The new Siemens HL-class was designed in an evolutionary development step based on proven Siemens H-class technology. The advanced HL-class turbines now bring together the best of an extensive fleet experience with new but already tested technologies. The result of this combination is a future-proof technology carrier in terms of efficiency, performance, and flexibility. The turbines are already offered with an efficiency level of over 63 percent in combined cycle operation and will pave the way to even higher efficiency values. Three machines have been developed for the HL-class portfolio: The SGT-9000HL series is about 25 % larger than the current SGT-8000H series and is designed for the 50 Hz and 60 Hz markets, and the SGT5-8000HL is designed for the 50 Hz market.
New steam turbine technology opens up new efficiency potential for CHP plant operators
Daniel Mühlenfeld
Energieversorgung Oberhausen AG (evo) is successfully using a newly developed micro-steam turbine from Turbonik GmbH, with which highly efficient combined heat and power generation is now also economically feasible on a small scale, which was previously only possible with large steam volumes and pressures: electricity generation from steam.
Training and more on the reactor-glass model of the simulator center
Frieder Hecker
At the Simulator Centre of KSG|GfS, the worldwide unique reactor glass model demonstrates complex thermal hydraulic phenomena in an extremely hands-on manner. In our forty years of experience in classroom teaching and practical trainings, the efficiency of this unique teaching tool has proven supe-rior to any other didactic means. The reactor glass model is a reproduction of a two-loop pressurized water reactor (Siemens/KWU design) at a scale of 1:10. It allows visualizations of operational procedures, incidents and accidents as well as thermal hydraulic effects in a light-water reactor. All the phenomena visible in the reactor glass model have occurred in real nuclear power plants. At the reactor glass model, seeing is understanding. Processes that normally happen out of sight inside ducts and vessels become visible in an unforgettable first-hand experience. raining sessions using our reactor glass model are on offer for national and international audiences from a wide range of fields.
Pressurized steam fluidized bed drying of lignite – A brief journey through the history of drying, especially that of lignite
Matthias Merzsch
At first I was wondering what the structure of an article about pressurized steam fluidized bed drying could look like. After some thought, I knew that it should be divided into two parts. In order to highlight the creative and inventive spirit of former engineers, as well as their struggle to increase the efficiency of drying machines, a historical outline of the drying technology in general and the concept of steam fluidized bed drying in particular will form the first part of the article. The second part will present the practical and research contribution of Prof. Krautz and his colleagues to the advancement of this field. The article as a whole will be able to provide an overview of the coal/lignite drying, with focus on the pressurized steam fluidized bed drying principle imple-mented in the Lusatian mining area.
Need for combustion research for lignite-fired power plants – example of BTU Cottbus – Senftenberg‘s chair Kraftwerkstechnik
Christian Katzer
From its foundation of the chair of power plant technology at Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus – Senftenberg, the combustion research has engaged with current issues of conventional power plant technology. The focus of his research activity was starting from development of technology to maximize the efficiency, switched to the new research field of oxyfuel technologies and working currently on questions about operational flexibility as reaction of changes in the current energy sector. There are many concepts for increasing plant flexibility, but without optimization of flame monitoring and re-evaluation of existing limits, this potential for optimization can’t be sufficiently used. The current research project to increasing thermal plant flexibility of existing coal-fired power plants is implementing the necessity for analysis and optimization research.
Hydrogen and electrolysis research at the BTU Cottbus – Senftenberg
Daniel Tannert, Christian Ziems, André Voigt, Ulrich Fischer and Hans Joachim Krautz
The ambitious goals of the German energy transition with a share of 80 % renewable energies in the total electrical energy production in 2050 led to a rapid development of wind and photovoltaic energy. The increasing share of fluctuating renewable energies is leading to an increasing mismatch between energy supply and demand. As a result, the need to store excess, renewable electrical energy over long and short periods of time is becoming increasingly important. The enormous storage capacity can only be achieved by the chemical storage of hydrogen or subsequently produced synthetic natural gas. The electrolytic generation of hydrogen from electrical energy is therefore a key technology for the success of the energy transition. This paper presents the main features of various proven and novel electrolyser technologies and discusses the technical requirements and challenges of coupling electrolysers with fluctuating renewable energy sources.
Development and application-related characterization of efficient, high-performance 3D-electrode materials for alkaline electrolysis technology
Christian Ziems, Ulrich Fischer and Hans Joachim Krautz
The R&D collaborative project “AEL3D: Novel porous 3D-electrode materials for more efficient alkaline water electrolysis” aims to develop an innovative concept to increase the efficiency and power density (space-time yield) of the alkaline electrolysis technologies by targeted gas bubble management by means of hierarchically structured three-dimensional electrode geometries. Specifically, the effective current density should be increased significantly, taking into account lower overvoltage. For this purpose, the disturbing influence of the gases has to be reduced through the novel porous 3D-electrode structure.
Systematic analysis and preparation of high resolution in-situ measurements for the estimation of PV module parameters
Sebastian Mieck and Hans Joachim Krautz
In the last two decades, a rapid expansion of photovoltaic (PV) power plants of different sizes has taken place. Along with this, the interest from science and industry is growing, exploring the strengths and weaknesses of this technology as well as further developing the efficiency in its production and operation. For planning and operating of PV power plants, valid energy yield forecasts are desirable. These forecasts are also important to draw conclusions for the monitoring of future PV technologies. The analysis, evaluation and processing of meteorological and technical measurement data sets play an essential role. In this article, high-resolution measurement data sets of a mobile, autarkic test system are analyzed. In a second step, a practicable procedure for the prepa-ration of the measurement data is presented, in order to make it suitable for further calculations, e.g. identification of photovoltaic module parameters for energy yield calculations. The focus is particularly on the flexibility, adaptability and code performance of the processing procedure. Results, evaluations and outlooks on the methods used, measurement data and selected software packages are made.
Development of algorithms for application planning and control of power-to-heat systems for more efficient use of renewable excess energy
Nikolaos Panagrotis Sakkas, Christian Ziems, Joachim Posselt and Hans Joachim Krautz
In a future energy supply system with a share of 80% renewable energies in the total energy supply, system services, such as the provision of control power in close interaction with new intelligent storage concepts at all supply levels, play a superordinate role. The power-to-heat concept means the conversion of electricity into heat in a supply system that can generate heat from either electricity or fossil fuels. A classic example is the district heating system of a mu-nicipal utility. Power-to-Heat applications offer the possibility of integrating electricity from renewable energy sources at low investment costs, rather than its curtailment. The technical components used have been tried and tested for decades and are therefore fully developed. Power-to-Heat also offers the possibility of realizing substantial economic savings and a reduction in the emission of climate-damaging carbon dioxide. Heat grids are particularly suitable as a storage option for renewable energies. Necessary supply structures are available above all in the municipal utility sector. In addition, power-to-heat applications can reduce the must-run capacities of conventional power plants in the electricity market of the future. In this context, algorithms for the design of a deployment planning and control tool are developed and checked for their usability.