Abstracts - VGB PowerTech Journal 1-2/2009
Global Energy Demand and its Constraints
Wolfgang Drenckhahn, Irek Pyc and Klaus Riedle
This paper will address how the energy needs are covered today and will also present scenarios for tomorrow. Better technologies can stretch the limited energy resources, reduce the ecological impact and improve the security of supply for many countries depending on energy imports. Many of these efficient technologies are available today but need time and often financial support to penetrate the market, when not cost competitive. The other important lever is increasing the share of renewable and nuclear energy.
The First German Offshore Wind Farm: alpha ventus
Silvin Bruns
The erection of the first German offshore wind farm off the island of Borkum is now in its winter break. The completion of Germany's first wind farm under real offshore conditions is to follow in 2009. The project, that was granted a construction and commissioning license in 2001, will be presented from the planning stage to construction.
The World-wide Energy Demand – A Key Challenge for the Nuclear Industry
Ulrich Gräber
A reappraisal of nuclear power is currently underway worldwide, with an increase in the use of nuclear energy for power generation predicted. The reasons for this global renaissance include a growing demand for electric power throughout the world, awareness that our fossil resources are limited, protection of the environment and the need for further development of various renewable energy technologies to ensure their competitiveness and base-load capability. The nuclear industry is rising to this challenge by offering advanced Generation III+ reactors, by building up staffing levels and investing in production facilities and the fuel cycle.
ENEL's Strategy for Clean Coal Utilisation
Leonardo Arrighi and Sauro Pasini
Enel is targeting an increase of coal-fired capacity in order to balance the mix of fuel for electricity production. Replacement of old coal- and oil-fired units by new coal-fired ones, more efficient and environmentally friendlier, is the main approach. The launch of several prototype projects in the field of CO2 separation, oxy-combustion, hydrogen electricity production and the partnership in advanced projects (VGB COMTES700 and EPRI IGCC P66) complete the strategy to reduce greenhouse gases emissions associated with coal combustion.
Best Practice – A Key for Environmental Protection, Increase of Efficiency and Safe Operation
Martin Giehl and Franz Bauer
The increasing internationalisation of the electricity sector and the pursuit of a coherent electricity single market will permit the long-term survival of
Global Energy Demand and its Constraints
Wolfgang Drenckhahn, Irek Pyc and Klaus Riedle
This paper will address how the energy needs are covered today and will also present scenarios for tomorrow. Better technologies can stretch the limited energy resources, reduce the ecological impact and improve the security of supply for many countries depending on energy imports. Many of these efficient technologies are available today but need time and often financial support to penetrate the market, when not cost competitive. The other important lever is increasing the share of renewable and nuclear energy.
The First German Offshore Wind Farm: alpha ventus
Silvin Bruns
The erection of the first German offshore wind farm off the island of Borkum is now in its winter break. The completion of Germany's first wind farm under real offshore conditions is to follow in 2009. The project, that was granted a construction and commissioning license in 2001, will be presented from the planning stage to construction.
The World-wide Energy Demand - A Key Challenge for the Nuclear Industry
Ulrich Gräber
A reappraisal of nuclear power is currently underway worldwide, with an increase in the use of nuclear energy for power generation predicted. The reasons for this global renaissance include a growing demand for electric power throughout the world, awareness that our fossil resources are limited, protection of the environment and the need for further development of various renewable energy technologies to ensure their competitiveness and base-load capability. The nuclear industry is rising to this challenge by offering advanced Generation III+ reactors, by building up staffing levels and investing in production facilities and the fuel cycle.
ENEL's Strategy for Clean Coal Utilisation
Leonardo Arrighi and Sauro Pasini
Enel is targeting an increase of coal-fired capacity in order to balance the mix of fuel for electricity production. Replacement of old coal- and oil-fired units by new coal-fired ones, more efficient and environmentally friendlier, is the main approach. The launch of several prototype projects in the field of CO2 separation, oxy-combustion, hydrogen electricity production and the partnership in advanced projects (VGB COMTES700 and EPRI IGCC P66) complete the strategy to reduce greenhouse gases emissions associated with coal combustion.
Best Practice - A Key for Environmental Protection, Increase of Efficiency and Safe Operation
Martin Giehl and Franz Bauer
The increasing internationalisation of the electricity sector and the pursuit of a coherent electricity single market will permit the long-term survival of
existing power generation locations in Europe if electricity can be produced internationally competitively and ecologically. In order to fulfil this requirements, utilities must act according to "Best Practise", i.e. using established and economical procedures, technical systems and business processes making them at least the model company for others on substantial fields of work. VGB as the European technical association for power and heat generation forms the necessary platform to develop "Best Practice" for its community.
Research, Development and Innovation Qualify RWE for Future Challenges
Johannes Heithoff and Silke Köhler
Changes in the political and economic setting - the most recent being tighter climate protection policies and sharply increasing fuel prices - require regular adjustments to the R&D strategy. The future developments of a total of 29 energy technologies were analysed on the basis of three aggregated pictures of the future. The reassessment of some technologies results in reasonable modifications to the R&D portfolio. Such R&D activities focus mainly on renewables, distributed generation, energy storage, mobility, energy applications and secondary sources of energy.
Implementation of the Water Framework Directive in Europe - Challenges for Hydro-power
Otto Pirker
The European Union Water Framework Directive (EU-WFD) is seen as milestone in the European water politics. Instead of the view of individual sectors of the water management, the Water Framework Directive offers an integral approach, which regards entire river catchment areas on the basis of water bodies. The more the implementation of the EU-WFD progresses, the more the conflicting aims with different forms of the water use gets clearer, foremost with the energy use. Both hydro-power and thermal power generation are concerned.
Transposition of the EC-Water Framework Directive in Europe - Implications for Thermal Power Plants
Christian Forkel
The European Water Framework Directive (WFD) issued in 2000 requires, among others, that good status of all water bodies be achieved by the year 2015. Since water is a resource that is heavily used for cooling purposes, this WFD objective can also impose restrictions on thermal power plants. Necessary counter-measures resulting from the WFD and technically or ecologically motivated operating restrictions are financial factors that have to be considered in planning and can determine the operation times of a power plant; in particular cases, exemptions from the WFD can and must be taken into account. In addition to these direct burdens, the Directive can give rise to further financial strains in the form of water abstraction charges.
Erection of a 500 MW Power Plant as Part of the New Integrated Steelworks of ThyssenKrupp Steel AG Brazil
Andreas Stolbrink and Karl Reyser
ThyssenKrupp Steel has decided to build the new integrated steelworks in Brazil in order to take part in the worldwide growth of the segment of high-value flat steel. Planning and conception of the integrated power plant within this challenging project are presented. The influence of the requirements from the steelworks to the power plant requires tailored solutions and a plant arrangement, which allows the highest flexibility. The technical highlights of the chosen solution - a Combined Cycle Power Plant (CCPP) fired with the low calorific Blast Furnace Gas (BFG) - are illustrated; the custom-build Blast Furnace Gas-fired gas turbine is specified.
Characterisation of Refuse Derived Fuels in View of the Fuel Technical Properties
Michael Beckmann, Martin Pohl, Sokesimbone Ncube and Kathrin Gebauer
Biomass fuels and RDF can be considered as difficult fuels which place special demands on process control. Conventional methods for fuel characterisation of fossil fuels are often not suitable for RDF due to their heterogeneous composition compared to hard coal or lignite. The paper will describe methods for RDF characterisation and results are discussed.
Dry Flue Gas Scrubbing Technolgy for Power Plants, Waste- and Biomass Burning Facilities Using Hydrated Lime or Sodium Biocarbonate as Sorbent
Andries Adema, Erich Blaß, Peter Buhlmann, Ralf Engel and Rolf Graf
The article describes the GRAF-WULFF Flue Gas Scrubbing (FGS) Technology for solid fuel-fired boilers with a flue gas rate between 30,000 m³/h and 3,000,000 m³/h for each plant. The GRAF-WULFF Technology basically consists of the circulating fluidised bed (CFB) for absorption of gaseous pollutants. In the paper the technology and the first operation experiences of a flue gas cleaning plant for a two-furnace line waste incineration with exceptional high demands on efficiency, will be presented. Furthermore it is reported about our project of a one-line flue gas cleaning plant for a coal-fired boiler.