Abstracts - VGB PowerTech Journal 10/2004
Brief Report on the Activities of the VGB PowerTech in 2003/2004
K. A. Theis
In order to meet the statutory tasks, the VGB Board of Management has formed committees on an honorary basis. The VGB Technical Advisory Board is responsible for the manning of and task setting for these committees. Over 1000 experts from all fields of power plant technology cooperate in the General Committees, Technical Committees and the many working panels and participate in the exchange of experience. The results of these activities are among others guidelines, information sheets and recommendations - last not least this journal.
Analysis of Critical Grid Situations and Black-outs in Europe in 2003
J. Vanzetta and M. Stobrawe
In the recent past critical grid situations and black-outs of the electricity system occurred frequently worldwide. The authors describe the mechanism and signification of grid congestions as a reason for critical grid situations and explain them by means of real situations in the European interconnected system. Furthermore the efforts of the transmission system operators in preventing new congestions or limiting and eliminating the effects of existing congestions on the reliability of power supply are explained.
The Third-Generation Pressurized Water Reactor Olkiluoto 3 in Finland Becomes Reality
U. Giese
The European Pressurized Water Reactor (EPR) is the world's first third-generation pressurized water reactor (PWR). The first steps towards realization of an EPR nuclear power plant were taken in Olkiluoto, Finland, in 2004 by preliminary works on the construction site. The first concrete will be poured after the construction licence has been granted by the Finnish government which is anticipated to happen in the beginning of 2005. Commercial operation is scheduled to start in 2009.
Statistic Evaluation of Indices Regarding CO2-certification for Emission Certificates Trading
H. Prenzel
The CO2-certification and / or CO2 monitoring processes has / have not been legally settled yet in all details. Therefore the determination of indices and their effects on the overall process are of utmost importance. Based on a statistic evaluation, a systematic approach is illustrated regarding the potential handling of the CO2-certification / CO2 monitoring process.
The Future of Waste Incineration
B. Johnke
Waste management is progressively becoming resource management, an element of sustainable development. With the termination of landfilling in 2005, an important step towards resource conservation will be made. Optimised provision of energy by existing and new waste incineration plants requires additional financial incentives to ensure that the requisite investments can be made. In particular, efforts should be stepped up to develop new instruments and measures aimed at increasing use of heat.
Municipal Waste Streams after 2005 for Incineration Plants and Co-combustion in Germany
H. Alwast and J. Hoffmeister
In 2005 the German landfill Ordinance is going completely into force. Landfilling of untreated waste becomes illegal. All waste quantities being disposed of have to be processed using thermal, mechanical or mechanical-biological methods. Questions arise about the development of waste quantities and sufficient treatment capacities in the years to come. The general growing waste arisings underline the significance of building up further treatment plants.
Biomass Solutions for Heat and Power Generation
G. Göttlicher, J. Schneider and H. Bauer
Since 2000 the German renewable energy laws initiated the erection of biomass power plants up to 20 MW electric power. Recently additional incentives are coming from the revised law. MVV Energie has started up three such plants in 2003. One of these plants attains a very high efficiency with high steam temperatures and reheat. Also special attention was paid to the new European regulations for safety. Heat utilization for district heating gets additional incentives by investment subsidies for biomass district heat applications.
Reducing Costs with Optimized Maintenance Strategies
K.D. Lechner, K. Raffelsberger, W. Steiniger And U. Röben
With the increasing competition, application of the optimal maintenance strategy is gaining importance. Apart from optimizing direct maintenance costs, the effects on profit (e.g. due to loss of production), follow-up costs in plant operation as well as safety-related aspects and the environmental impact are important factors. Without state-of-the-art plant management and maintenance software, efficiently meeting the resulting requirements is quite impossible.
The technology of "low-temperature vortex combustion" - simple and efficient method to decrease NOX emissions
D. Furtak
This article presents the combustion technology so called "low-temperature Vortex"; it decreases the emission of NOX and increases the efficiency of the boiler. We will present here the technology and the implementation results with selected cases as examples. We will show also the results of the simulation of the combustion process.
Exchange Markets for Regulating Power
A. Moser
Free markets for the commodity power are an organic component of a deregulated energy industry. This applies also for the procurement of regulating power by the transmission system operators (TSO). The foundation of exchanges makes perfect sense, when the price of the commodity has an impact beyond the exchange transaction. Exchange structures can help to solve the existing problems for the minute reserve markets in Germany.
Retrofit of a Flue Gas Heat Recovery System at Mehrum Power Plant: An Example of Power Plant Lifetime Evaluation in Practise
B. Michels, F. Adamczyk and J. Koch
Today, more than ever before, the competition between power plants has become a decisive factor. To ensure the scheduled plant life time it is a precondition that the power plant is able to realize a electricity production under economical conditions. Beside the economical aspects, the protection of the environment is viewed as a decisive factor in safeguarding our future. Taking this into account, the extension of the power plant life time will be one of the very first and low-cost factors in finding and executing a new energy scheme which meets the future demands.
New Perspectives for the Exploitatian of Gas Hydrates
H.J. Schultz, G. Deerberg and H. Fahlenkamp
Geological estimations say that common resources of crude oil and natural gas are available in a mid range of 40 until 60 years. The discovery of numerous and massive reserves of natural gas hydrates during the last 30 years has given rise to avoid this dilemma. Within the presented paper a combination of a machinery and a process is engineered giving a perspective to exploit gas hydrates in a manner which can be addressed to be economical as well as sustainable;